MEMAHAMI DAN MENGANTISIPASI DAMPAK PERUBAHAN IKLIM PADA PESISIR DAN LAUT DI INDONESIA BAGIAN TIMUR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31172/jmg.v12i1.86Keywords:
Indonesia Bagian Timur, Perubahan Iklim, Pesisir, Adaptasi, El NiNo, La NiNaAbstract
Indonesia mempunyai peran yang cukup besar dalam negosiasi internasional untuk mengelola dampak dari perubahan iklim. Peran tersebut antara lain dengan menyelenggarakan the 13th Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC di Bali yang menghasilkan the Bali Action Plan. Peran pada isu perubahan iklim di atas merupakan konsekuensi logis dari besarnya bahaya dan kerentanan wilayah Indonesia terhadap fenomena global tersebut, antara lain di wilayah pesisir dan laut. Secara lebih spesifik, wilayah Indonesia bagian timur memiliki karakteristik bahaya dan kerentanan terhadap perubahan iklim. Kenaikan muka air laut dengan laju sekitar 0,6 – 0,8 cm/tahun, yang dapat menimbulkan dampak pada wilayah pemukiman, infrastruktur, dan ekosistem di wilayah pesisir serta pulau-pulau kecil. Sementara itu, peningkatan intensitas El Niño dan La Niña menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan pola arus dan sirkulasi laut seperti Arus Lintas Indonesia di Selat Makassar yang akan berdampak pada hasil tangkapan ikan. Selanjutnya, karakteristik gelombang laut juga mengalami perubahan sebagai akibat dari perubahan variabilitas iklim yang berdampak pada sektor transportasi laut. Selain itu, peningkatan intensitas La Niña, menyebabkan kenaikan intensitas pemutihan terumbu karang (coral bleaching) sebagai akibat dari kenaikan suhu permukaan laut yang drastis. Mengingat besarnya dampak dan kerentanan di wilayah Indonesia bagian timur tersebut, perlu disusun strategi adaptasi, yang meliputi strategi proteksi, akomodasi, dan retreat-adaptation.
Indonesia has provided substantial role in international negotiations to manage the impacts of climate change. Roles include the holding of the 13th Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC in Bali who produce the Bali Action Plan. Role in climate change issues is a logical consequence of the hazard and vulnerability of Indonesia to the global phenomenon, including in coastal areas and sea. More specifically, the eastern part of Indonesia has the characteristics of hazards and vulnerability to climate change. Sea level rise rate of about 0.6 to 0.8 cm / year, could have an impact on residential areas, infrastructure, and ecosystems in coastal zones and small islands. Meanwhile, the increased intensity of El Niño and La Niña leads to changes in currents and ocean circulation patterns such as Indonesia Through Flow in Makassar Strait that will be impact on fish catches. Furthermore, the characteristics of ocean waves is also changing because of climate changes variability and wil be impact on marine transportation sector. In addition, the increased intensity of La Niña, causing an increase in the intensity of coral bleaching (coral bleaching) as a result of rising sea surface temperatures are drastic. In consideration of the impact and vulnerability in eastern Indonesia, need to be developed adaptation strategies, include protection strategies, accommodation, and retreat-adaptation.
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