TECHNOLOGY NEEDS ASSESSMENT (TNA) FOR CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION IN AGRICULTURE SECTOR: CRITERIA, PRIORITIZING AND BARRIERS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31172/jmg.v11i2.69Keywords:
GHG emission, Mitigation, Technology Need Assessment (TNA), Criteria, Barriers for mitigation, Agriculture sectorAbstract
Upaya mitigasi di sektor pertanian menjadi sangat penting karena sektor ini berkontribusi terhadap munculnya emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK), namun demikian kajian terhadap kebutuhan teknologi untuk mitigasi belum dilakukan. Kajian difokuskan pada seleksi teknologi, kendala dan peluang untuk mengatasi masalah. Seleksi teknologi didasarkan pada criteria dan opsi teknologi yang diperlukan. Data dan informasi dikumpulkan dari berbagai lembaga baik badan, pusat dan lembaga-lembaga terkait lainnya serta melalui lokakarya yang melibatkan para pemangku kepentingan. Seleksi teknologi untuk mitigasi mempertimbangkan criteria umum yang meliputi pengurangan emisi GRK dari tanaman dan ternak, konservasi sumberdaya, untuk keberlanjutan keanekaragaman hayati, mengangkat isu energi hijau, keberlanjutan keamanan pangan, dan mengangkat isu energi alternatif; dan spesifik criteria yang meliputi memprioritaskan teknologi lokal untuk mitigasi, keberlanjutan plasma nutfah spesifik lokasi, memprioritaskan teknologi yang murah untuk petani miskin, introduksi varietas tanaman yang rendah emisi, mengganti sebagian pupuk kimia dengan pupuk organik, serta mengurangi emisi gas metana (CH4). Kriteria tersebut diskor kedalam 4 kelas, yaitu nilai tinggi/relevansi tinggi/sangat berdampak (skor 5), nilai sedang/relevan/berdampak sedang (skor: 3); nilai rendah/kurang relevan/kurang berdampak (skor: 1); dan tidak relevan/tidak berdampak (skor: 0). Hasil kjian menunjukkan bahwa prioritas teknologi yang dibutuhkan untuk mitigasi: (a) untuk lahan sawah: varietas tanaman dengan emisi rendah, pemupukan yang tepat, tanpa olah tanah/olah tanah minimum, dan irigasi berselang, (b) untuk tanaman tahunan: teknologi tebang baker yang tepat dan biofuel, (c) untuk peternakan: teknologi pengomposan dan biogas, dan (d) untuk lahan gambut: menghindari tebang bakar, menghindari drainasi yang berlebihan dan menjaga kelembaban tanah.
Mitigation action in agriculture sector is crucial since it contributes to greenhouse gas emission, yet technologies need for have not been assessed. The technology needs assessment for the agriculture sector cover paddy field, perennial crops, peat soil, and livestock. The concern of the assessment is categorized into technology options, priority/key technology, barriers, and modalities. Selected technologies are based on criteria and priority options of technology needs. Data and information have been collected from related agencies, center, institutes and other relevant sources as well as through a workshop. Technology selection process for mitigation considered general criteria of reducing GHG emissions from crops and livestock, promoting resource conservation, promoting sustainable biodiversity, promoting green energy, sustaining food security, and promoting energy alternative; and specific criteria of promoting local technology for mitigation, sustaining site-specific germ plasms, promoting simple and cheap technology for poor farmers, promoting less emission crop varieties, substituting chemical with organic fertilizers/compost, and reduce CH4 emissions. Those criteria are scored into 4 classes, i.e. high value/high relevant/high impact (score: 5), Medium value/relevant/med impact (score: 3); Low value/less relevant/less impact (score: 1); nil – not relevant/no impact (score: 0). The assessment has come up with the results that priority technologies needed for mitigation are (a) low methane emitter crops varieties, appropriate fertilizing, no tillage, and intermittent irrigation for paddy fields, (b) appropriate slash and burn and bio-fuel for perennial crops, (c) composting manure and biogas production for livestock, and (d) overcoming slash and burn, avoiding over drain and maintaining soil moisture for peat soils.
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