KARAKTERISTIK SPASIAL DAN TEMPORAL HOTSPOT DI PULAU SUMATERA

Authors

  • Mulyono R. Prabowo Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika
  • Yonny Koesmaryono Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB)
  • Akhmad Faqih Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB)
  • Ardhasena Sopaheluwakan Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi, dan Geofisika (BMKG)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31172/jmg.v21i1.674

Keywords:

Hotspot, Sumatera, SPI, spasial, temporal

Abstract

Kebakaran hutan di Indonesia telah menjadi masalah global yang terjadi setiap tahun, terutama di Pulau Sumatra. Identifikasi kebakaran hutan dan lahan dalam penelitian ini didasarkan pada jumlah dan distribusi hotspot, berdasarkan data citra satelit dari Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) pada 2009-2018. Investigasi pada kondisi meteorologi juga didasarkan pada faktor-faktor global dari data Oceanic Nino Index (ONI), Dipole Mode Index (DMI) dan berdasarkan pada indeks kekeringan dari data Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). Metode yang digunakan adalah metode analisis spasial dan temporal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik pola distribusi hotspot di Pulau Sumatra, baik secara spasial dan temporal. Ada perbedaan karakteristik spasial dan temporal dari distribusi hotspot di pulau Sumatra, yang didasarkan pada karakteristik topografi, fase ENSO, serta periode musim hujan dan kemarau. Hujan orografis yang terjadi akibat topografi gunung di Aceh dan pantai barat Sumatra mengakibatkan berkurangnya titik api di daerah tersebut. Sementara itu, El Nino meningkatkan jumlah hotspot, sedangkan La Nina mengurangi jumlah hotspot. Dibandingkan dengan IOD, ENSO lebih berpengaruh pada terjadinya peristiwa hotspot di pulau Sumatra. Perbedaan periode musim kemarau di Sumatera utara, tengah, dan selatan juga memberikan perbedaan waktu terjadinya hotspot maksimum di Sumatera. Pola distribusi hotspot di Sumatera utara dan tengah memuncak pada bulan Februari dan Juni, sedangkan di selatan pada bulan September. Konsentrasi titik api yang tinggi (> 50 kejadian perbulan) pada umumnya terjadi di lahan gambut, yang umumnya ditemukan di Sumatra timur (Sumatera Utara, Riau, dan provinsi Sumatra Selatan).

 

Forest fires in Indonesia have become a global problem that occurs every year, especially on the island of Sumatra. The identification of forest and land fires in this study is based on the number and distribution of hotspots, based on satellite image data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) in 2009-2018. Investigations on meteorological conditions are also based on global factors from Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) data, Dipole Mode Index (DMI) and based on the drought index from the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) data. The method used is a spatial and temporal analysis method. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of hotspot distribution patterns on the island of Sumatra, both spatially and temporally. There are differences in the spatial and temporal characteristics of the hotspot distribution on the island of Sumatra, which is based on the characteristics of the topography, ENSO phase, as well as the wet and dry season periods. Orographic rain that occurred due to mountain topography in Aceh and the west coast of Sumatra resulted in reduced hotspots in the area. Meanwhile, El Nino increased the number of hotspots, while La Nina reduced the number of hotspots. Compared to IOD, ENSO is more influential on the occurrence of hotspot events on the island of Sumatra. The difference in the dry season period in northern, central and southern Sumatra also gives a difference in the time of the occurrence of maximum hotspots in Sumatra. The pattern of hotspot distribution in northern and central Sumatra peaked in February and June, while in the south in September. High hotspots (> 50 monthly events) with high concentrations occur on peatlands, which are commonly found in eastern Sumatra (province of North Sumatra, Riau, and South Sumatra).

Author Biography

Mulyono R. Prabowo, Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika

Program Studi Klimatologi Terapan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Dramaga, Bogor, Indonesia

Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika, Kemayoran, Jakarta, Indonesia

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Published

2020-11-02

How to Cite

Prabowo, M. R., Koesmaryono, Y., Faqih, A., & Sopaheluwakan, A. (2020). KARAKTERISTIK SPASIAL DAN TEMPORAL HOTSPOT DI PULAU SUMATERA. Jurnal Meteorologi Dan Geofisika, 21(1), 9–19. https://doi.org/10.31172/jmg.v21i1.674

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