STUDI AWAL PENYUSUNAN SKALA INTENSITAS GEMPABUMI BADAN METEOROLOGI KLIMATOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31172/jmg.v17i2.440Keywords:
Intensity, Earthquake, Shakemap, PGAAbstract
Untuk mengukur dampak gempabumi terhadap infrastruktur dan kondisi lainnya selama ini Indonesia menggunakan skala intensitas gempabumi menurut Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI). Skala ini cukup kompleks dengan dua belas tingkatan dan kondisi bangunan yang ada sekarang sudah tidak sesuai dengan kondisi saat skala tersebut diperkenalkan. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya skala intensitas gempabumi yang lebih sederhana, mudah dipahami dan disesuaikan dengan kondisi infrastruktur yang ada saat ini di Indonesia dengan tetap mengacu pada nilai parameter ilmiah lainnya. Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika menggagas penyusunan skala intensitas gempabumi BMKG (SIG-BMKG) dengan skala I-V. Dengan mempunyai lima skala ini, SIG-BMKG menjadi lebih sederhana dan mudah dipahami masyarakat serta tetap mengakomodir keterangan dampak yang ditimbulkan gempabumi dan parameter saintifik lainnya. Perbandingan penggunaaan skala intensitas MMI dan SIG-BMKG terhadap beberapa kasus gempabumi yaitu gempabumi Sorong tanggal 24 September 2015 dengan magnitudo 6,8, Gempabumi Sumbawa Barat tanggal 12 Februari 2016 dengan magnitudo 6,6 dan Gempabumi Painan, Sumatera Barat tanggal 2 Juni 2016 dengan magnitudo 6,6, menunjukkan bahwa SIG-BMKG dapat diimplementasikan dengan relatif lebih mudah dan akurat dibandingkan dengan skala MMI.
In order to measure the impact of a strong earthquake, the intensity scale is normally used. Up to now Indonesia uses the scale of Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI). The MMI scale is relatively complicated with the twelve levels and the current development of modern building design is not suitable anymore for the scale as it was introduced for the first time. Therefore, it is necessary to have a universal but simple intensity scale, easy to be implemented and suitable for current typical buildings but also reflects the scientific parameters. Indonesia as one of the countries which is very prone of significant or destructive earthquakes, should have a new and more representative intensity scale which is suitable for the typical buildings in Indonesia. Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG) proposes the scale of intensity i.e. the Earthquake Intensity Scale of BMKG (SIG-BMKG) with the scales from I to V. With these five scales, SIG-BMKG is much simple and easier to be used but could describe most of typical impacts. The comparison of MMI and SIG-BMKG scales to several cases of significant earthquakes is implemented for the 2015, Mw 6.8 Sorong earthquake, the 2016, Mw 6.6 Sumbawa Barat earthquake and the 2016, Mw 6.6 Painan, West Sumatra earthquake. The results show that the SIG-BMKG scale can be implemented relatively easier with better accuracy than MMI scale.
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