DISTRIBUSI SPASIAL DAN TEMPORAL PARAMETER SEISMOTEKTONIK SEBAGAI INDIKASI TINGKAT AKTIVITAS KEGEMPAAN DI WILAYAH PAPUA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31172/jmg.v16i3.289Keywords:
megathrust, seismo-tektonik, gempabumi, PapuaAbstract
Zona subduksi megathrust merupakan wilayah potensial untuk terjadi gempabumi besar. Untuk memahami proses yang mengontrol gempabumi besar diperlukan pengetahuan mengenai bagaimana karakteristik pertemuan antar lempeng tektonik dan variasi kegempaan spasialnya. Gempabumi Papua 4 Januari 2009, magnitudo 7,6 (katalog BMKG), merupakan contoh gempabumi pada zona megathrust. Mekanisme sumber gempabumi ini adalah patahan trusting di perbatasan lempeng sepanjang barat-laut pesisir pantai Papua. Wilayah Papua dikenal memiliki aktivitas kegempaan yang tinggi, sehingga diperlukan tindakan mitigasi terhadap bencana gempabumi. Salah satu usaha mitigasi bencana gempabumi adalah dengan memetakan wilayah rawan gempabumi. Pemetaan wilayah rawan gempabumi diantaranya dilakukan dengan memetakan variasi parameter seismotektonik dari relasi Gutenberg-Richter. Analisa parameter seismotektonik secara spasial dan temporal pada penelitian ini menggunakan data gempabumi dari katalog Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BKMG) dan National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC), tahun 1973 - 2008, dengan batas 10° LS - 4° LU dan 130° BT -142° BT dengan magnitudo terkecil 2,9. Data gempabumi (Mw>6) yang berasal dari katalog BMKG mulai dari tahun 2009 hingga 2014 digunakan sebagai verifikasi. Dari analisis menggunakan software ZMAP diperoleh variasi nilai-b berkisar antara 0,5 – 1,5, variasi nilai-a berkisar antara 3,5-8,5, sedangkan periode ulang gempabumi dengan magnitudo 6,8 secara umum adalah berkisar antara 5-32 tahun.
A megathrust subduction zone is an area that potentially causes large earthquakes. Understanding the processes that control the massive earthquake requires a piece of knowledge about the characteristics of the junction between the tectonic plates and spatial variations of the seismicity. Papua earthquake on January 4, 2009, with 7,6 magnitude(based on BMKG catalog), is an example of an earthquake that occurred in that zone. The earthquake source mechanism is a trusting fault in the plate boundary along the north-western coast of Papua. Papua region is known to have high seismic activity, so it is important to conduct necessary action of mitigation of the earthquake disaster. One of the mitigation efforts is to map the earthquake disaster-prone areas. The mapping of the earthquake-prone area is conducted by mapping the variation of seismotectonic parameters of the Gutenberg-Richter relation. Analysis of spatially and temporally variation of seismotectonic in this study was using data from the earthquake catalog of Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics(BKMG) and the National Earthquake Information Center(NEIC), from 1973 to 2008, with a limit of 10° S-4° N and 130° E-142° E, the lowest magnitude is 2,9. Earthquake data (Mw>6) from 2009 to 2014 of the BMKG catalog were used as verification. From the analysis using ZMAP software, b-value variation ranged between 0.5-1.5 and the a-values variation ranged from 3.5 to 8.5 were obtained, whereas a return period of earthquakes with a magnitude of 6.8, in general, is between 5-32 years.
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