RELOKASI SUMBER GEMPA DI DAERAH SUMATERA BAGIAN UTARA MENGGUNAKAN HASIL INVERSI SIMULTAN RELOKASI DAN KECEPATAN GELOMBANG P TIGA DIMENSI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31172/jmg.v16i2.274Keywords:
Relokasi, sumber gempa, Sumatera bagian utara, SimulPS12Abstract
Penujaman miring antara lempeng Indo-Australia dan Eurasia memberikan pengaruh yang besar terhadap kondisi tektonik dan vulkanik di Sumatera bagian utara. Subduksi tersebut mengakibatkan terbentuknya deretan gunung api dan zona sesar yang terbentang di pulau Sumatera. Seismisitas yang tinggi di wilayah Sumatera bagian utara tidak hanya diakibatkan oleh pengaruh dari subduksi saja, namun dapat juga diakibatkan karena keberadaan sesar aktif dan aktivitas gunung api yang berada di darat pulau Sumatera. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan penentuan sumber gempa yang akurat dan presisi. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi penentuan sumber gempa adalah model kecepatan yang digunakan. Dengan menggunakan program Simulps12 yang secara simultan menghitung kecepatan 3-D gelombang P dengan hasil relokasi gempanya, diharapkan dapat menentukan sumber gempa sesuai dengan kondisi tektonik sebenarnya. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah waktu tiba gelombang P dan parameter gempa dari katalog BMKG 2009-2012 dan katalog PASSCAL Februari-Mei 1995. Penjejakan sinar gelombang menggunakan metode pseudo-bending sedangkan metode LSQR teredam digunakan dalam teknik inversinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa gempa hasil relokasi mengalami perubahan posisi baik secara horisontal maupun secara vertikal. Beberapa gempa menunjukan perubahan jarak horisontal yang besar yaitu sekitar 40-70 km. Sedangkan secara vertikal hampir setengah data mengalami perubahan kedalaman hingga 60 km. Setelah relokasi terlihat distribusi gempa dangkal di darat lebih berimpit dengan zona sesar Sumatera. Hal ini juga mengindikasikan bahwa zona sesar Sumatera sangat aktif dimana kedalaman gempa yang terjadi tidak lebih dari 50 km.
The oblique subduction between the Indo-Australian plate and Eurasian plate in northern Sumatra gives a great influence on volcanic and tectonic conditions. The subduction resulted in the formation of a row of volcanoes and fault zones that lie on the island of Sumatra. The high seismicity in the northern Sumatra region is not only caused by the subduction alone but there are fault active and volcanoes. Then the precise determination of the earthquake source in accordance with the actual conditions needs to be done. One factor that affects the determination of earthquakes is the velocity model. By using the Simulps12 program that simultaneously calculates velocity models3-D and earthquake relocation, it was expected to determine the source of the earthquake following the actual conditions. The data used is the P wave arrival time and the parameters of the earthquake in a catalog of BMKG 2009-2012 and catalog of PASSCAL February-May 1995. Ray tracing in this study was using the pseudo-bending method, while the damped LSQR method was using inverse techniques. The results showed that the earthquake relocation results change positions either horizontally or vertically. Some earthquakes showed large changes in a horizontal distance of about 40-70 km vertically while almost half of the data changes to 60 km depth. After the relocation, the distribution of shallow earthquakes inland coincides with the Sumatra fault zone. It also shows that the Sumatra fault zone is highly active where the depth of the earthquake occurred not exceeding 50 km.
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