DURASI DAN KEKUATAN KEKERINGAN MENGGUNAKAN INDEKS HUJAN TERSTANDARISASI DI PULAU BALI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31172/jmg.v16i2.272Keywords:
SPI3, Durasi Kekeringan, Kekuatan Kekeringan, Frekuensi Relatif, Periode UlangAbstract
Analisis kekeringan di pulau Bali pada studi ini dilakukan menggunakan Indeks Hujan Terstandarisasi (SPI). Penelitian dilakukan pada data curah hujan bulanan di 29 pos hujan dengan periode data 30 tahun (1984-2013). Nilai SPI pada skala waktu 3 bulan (SPI3) digunakan untuk memantau kekeringan dengan cara menganalisis faktor-faktor ; kategori Sangat Kering, puncak kekeringan, durasi dan kekuatan kekeringan serta frekuensi relatif kekeringan. Faktor-faktor tersebut dihubungkan dengan kondisi El Nino yang merupakan salah satu penyebab kekeringan di P. Bali selama ini. Dari analisis yang dilakukan, terlihat bahwa SPI3 dapat memantau kekeringan di P. Bali dengan proporsi kekeringan yang tejadi lebih dari 23% selama 30 tahun (1984-2013). Selain itu, diketahui jumlah pos hujan dengan kategori Sangat Kering paling banyak terjadi pada Mei 1997, puncak kekeringan terbesar terjadi di pos hujan Kerambitan, Ngurahrai, Baturiti, Tampaksiring, Sukasada, Tejakula dan Abang serta kekeringan dengan durasi dan kekuatan paling besar terjadi di pos hujan Palasari, Pulukan, Buruan, Besakih, Amlapura, Celuk, Kapal dan Ngurahrai. Selanjutnya, periode ulang untuk waktu 5, 10, 20, 50 dan 100 tahun juga dihitung dengan tujuan untuk merancang durasi dan besarnya kekuatan kekeringan yang dapat terjadi di P. Bali. Hasil perhitungan periode ulang lima tahun menunjukan pos hujan Busungbiu, Pupuan, Buruan, Besakih dan Dawan mempunyai durasi dan kekuatan kekeringan lebih besar dari pos-pos hujan lainnya. Durasi dan kekuatan kekeringan tersebut meningkat sesuai sebaran Log Normal.
Drought analysis in Bali Island in this study has been done using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). This research is conducted on monthly rainfall data in 29 stations for 30 years period of data (1984-2013). SPI for a 3-month rainfall total time scale (SPI3) is used to monitor drought by analyzing some factors such as the Extremely Dry category, drought peak, and drought duration and magnitude as well as drought relative frequency. Those factors are related to the El Nino condition which is one of the causes of drought in Bali Island for all this time. The result shows that SPI3 can monitor drought in Bali Island with drought proportion which occurs more than 23% for 30 years periods (1984-2013). The most Extremely Dry category is obtained in May 1997, the biggest drought peak occurs in Kerambitan, Ngurahrai, Baturiti, Tampaksiring, Sukasada, Tejakula and Abangstations and drought with the greatest duration and magnitude occurs in stations: Palasari, Pulukan, Buruan, Besakih, Amlapura, Celuk, Kapal dan Ngurahrai. Then the return period for 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 years are counted to design the drought duration and magnitude which may occur in Bali Island. The result of 5 years returns period shows that Busungbiu, Pupuan, Buruan, Besakih dan Dawanstations have greater drought duration and magnitude than other stations. That drought duration and magnitude increase with Log-Normal distribution.
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