PENGARUH AKTIVITAS ENSO DAN DIPOLE MODE TERHADAP POLA HUJAN DI WILAYAH MALUKU DAN PAPUA SELAMA PERIODE SERATUS TAHUN (1901 – 2000)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31172/jmg.v15i1.173Keywords:
Aktivitas ENSO dan Dipole Mode, Pola Hujan, periode seratus tahun, Maluku dan PapuaAbstract
Aktivitas fenomena ENSO dan Dipole Mode merupakan sirkulasi tropis non musiman tapi mempunyai peran yang sangat penting terhadap variabilitas curah hujan di wilayah Indonesia antara lain terhadap variasi pola hujan pada setiap periode normalnya. Wilayah penelitian dalam tulisan ini adalah wilayah Maluku dan Papua yang lokasinya lebih dekat dengan aktivitas ENSO dibanding dengan aktivitas Dipole Mode. Selama periode seratus tahun (1901 - 2000) aktivitas kedua fenomena tersebut mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap variasi pola hujan di wilayah tersebut. Dengan menggunakan metode sintesis yang terdiri atas analisis spektral, analisis korelasi spasial, analisis dinamis dan fisis atmosfer maka dapat diperoleh adanya kaitan yang signifikan antara aktivitas ENSO dan Dipole Mode dengan curah hujan bulanan di wilayah Maluku dan Papua selama periode seratus tahun. Dampak dari aktivitas El Niño, La Niña, Dipole Mode (+), Dipole Mode (-) terbesar dialami oleh pola hujan lokal dibanding terhadap pola hujan monsunal dan ekuatorial yang diindikasikan dari hasil analisis korelasi. Antara aktivitas El Niño dengan pola hujan lokal korelasi tertinggi – 0,94, La Niña dengan pola hujan lokal + 0,60, Dipole Mode (+) dengan pola hujan lokal – 0,67 dan Dipole Mode (-) dengan pola hujan lokal + 0,65.
ENSO and Dipole Mode phenomena are non-seasonal tropical circulation. However, they have a very important role in the variability of rainfall in the Indonesian region, such as the variation of rainfall patterns during each normal period. The area of this research is the Maluku and Papua regions, which are located closer to the ENSO activity compared to the activity of Dipole Mode. During a hundred years (1901-2000) the possible activities of both phenomena have a significant influence on the variation of rainfall patterns in those regions. Using the synthesis method consists of spectral analysis, spatial correlation analysis, atmospheric dynamics, and physics analysis, a significant connection between ENSO and Dipole Mode with monthly rainfall in the Maluku and Papua regions for hundred years would be obtained. The effect of El Niño, La Niña, Dipole Mode (+), Dipole Mode (-) activities are mostly due to Local Rainfall Pattern than Monsoonal and Equatorial Rainfall Pattern which has been indicated by the result of correlation analysis. The highest correlations between El Niño with Local Rainfall Pattern is – 0.94, La Niña with Local Rainfall Pattern is + 0,60, Dipole Mode (+) with Local Rainfall Pattern is – 0.67 and Dipole Mode (-) with Local Rainfall Pattern is + 0.65 respectively.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work.