KARAKTERISTIK DAN TREN PERUBAHAN SUHU PERMUKAAN LAUT DI INDONESIA PERIODE 1982-2009
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31172/jmg.v15i1.171Keywords:
Suhu Permukaan Laut (SPL), tren, Mann-Kendall test, ARLINDO, monsunAbstract
Suhu permukaan laut (SPL) merupakan komponen penting yang dapat mengendalikan cuaca dan iklim di wilayah Indonesia. Seiring dengan adanya isu perubahan iklim yang ditandai dengan peningkatan suhu global, maka SPL disinyalir juga berubah. Pada penelitian ini dikaji tentang karakteristik dan tren perubahan SPL di wilayah Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya perubahan SPL di wilayah Indonesia. Untuk itu dianalisa data SPL selama 28 tahun (1982-2009) dengan metode Mann-Kendall test. Domain yang digunakan adalah 15°LU- 15°LS, 90°BT-145°BT. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa karakteristik siklus SPL di wilayah Indonesia berhubungan erat dengan siklus monsun yang bertiup di wilayah ini dimana pada periode monsun Asia SPL di wilayah utara lebih hangat sebaliknya pada periode monsun Australia, di selatan yang lebih hangat dan di sekitar ekuator mengalami SPL paling hangat pada periode peralihan. Secara umum di wilayah Indonesia terutama di inner sea terjadi tren peningkatan SPL dengan probabilitas > 95%. Daerah inlet Arus Lintas Indonesia (ARLINDO) dan South Equatorial Current yang meliputi perairan sekitar Biak, Selat Makassar, Halmahera, dan Laut Banda, pada umumnya mengalami tren peningkatan SPL yang paling tinggi dibandingkan wilayah sekitarnya dengan peningkatan mencapai 0,5-1,1 oC pada periode DJF. Pada masa peralihan dan musim kemarau, hanya di Pasifik bagian barat yang mengalami tren meningkat.
Sea Surface Temperature (SST) is an important factor in weather and climate regulation over Indonesia. According to the climate change issue which is characterized by increasing global temperatures, the SST was allegedly increased too. The purpose of this study was to determine the existence of SST change over Indonesia. Mann-Kendall test used to analyze 28 years (1982-2009) SST data. The domain of this research is 15° N-15° S, 90° E-145° E. The result of this research shows that increasing trend of SST occurring over Indonesia waters. It was found that the characteristic of SST in Indonesia is correlated with the monsoon system, whereas in the Asian summer monsoon, the SST of the northern region is warmer. Contrary, in the Australian summer monsoon, the SST of the southern region is warmer. The SST of the equator region is warmest in the transition period. In general, Indonesia's waters experiencing an increasing trend of SST with a probability of over 95%. The Indonesian throughflow and South Equatorial Current on the western part of the Pacific Ocean covering Biak waters, Makassar Strait, Halmahera, and the Banda Sea generally experiencing the highest increasing trend of SST compared with other areas between 0.5 to 1.1°C. In the transitional period and dry season, the SST over Indonesia, largely unchanged, except in the western Pacific.
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