PENGARUH FENOMENA EL NINO 1997 DAN LA NINA 1999 TERHADAP CURAH HUJAN DI BIAK

Authors

  • Welly Fitria Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG)
  • Maulana Sunu Pratama Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31172/jmg.v14i2.156

Keywords:

ENSO, El Nino, La Nina, curah hujan, rainfall

Abstract

Secara umum, telah diketahui bahwa El Nino mengurangi curah hujan dan La Nina menambah curah hujan di wilayah Indonesia tetapi intensitasnya bervariasi tergantung lokasi dan kondisi lokal. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut di lakukan kajian untuk mengetahui pengaruh El Nino 1997 dan La Nina 1999 terhadap curah hujan di Biak dengan membandingkan penyimpangan jumlah curah hujan dengan normalnya, dan membandingkan anomali curah hujan dengan Indeks Nino 3.4 dan SOI. Selain juga dilakukan analisa korelasi antara Indeks Nino 3.4 dan SOI dengan curah hujan di Biak tahun 1981 – 2010 untuk mengetahui besar kecilnya sumbangan pengaruhnya terhadap variasi jumlah curah hujan di Biak. Hasil analisa menunjukkan bahwa curah hujan di Biak secara umum mengalami penurunan pada tahun 1997 dan mengalami peningkatan pada tahun 1999. Hasil analisa perbandingan variasi anomali curah hujan dengan variasi Indeks Nino dan SOI tahun 1997 dan tahun 1999 menunjukkan peran Osilasi Selatan lebih dominan pada saat El Nino maupun pada saat La Nina. Hasil analisa korelasi Indeks Nino dan SOI menunjukan peran El Nino / La Nina dan Osilasi Selatan cukup kecil dibanding peran faktor lokal.

 

In general, it is known that El Nino reduces rainfall and La Nina increase the rainfall in Indonesia but their intensities vary depending on location and local conditions. Acknowledging this, a study to determine the effect of El Nino 1997 and La Nina 1999 to rainfall in Biak is conducted by comparing deviations with the normal amount of rainfall and the rainfall anomalies with Nino 3.4 index and SOI. As an addition, the correlation between Nino 3.4 index and SOI with rainfall in Biak years 1981 to 2010 is also analyzed to determine the size effect of the contribution of variation in the amount of rainfall in Biak. The analysis results of the data shows that rainfall in Biak has decreased in 1997 and increased in 1999. The comparative analysis result of variations in rainfall anomalies with Nino index and SOI variations in 1997 and 1999 shows that the role of the Southern Oscillation is more dominant during El Nino and La Nina. The analysis result of Nino index and SOI correlation indicates that the role of El Nino / La Nina and the Southern Oscillation is relatively small compared to the role of local factors.

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Published

2013-08-15

How to Cite

Fitria, W., & Pratama, M. S. (2013). PENGARUH FENOMENA EL NINO 1997 DAN LA NINA 1999 TERHADAP CURAH HUJAN DI BIAK. Jurnal Meteorologi Dan Geofisika, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.31172/jmg.v14i2.156

Issue

Vol. 14 No. 2 (2013)

Section

Article

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