KAJIAN DAERAH RAWAN GELOMBANG TINGGI DI PERAIRAN INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31172/jmg.v13i3.135Keywords:
gelombang tinggi, monsun, El Nino, La Nina, IODM, high waves, monsoonAbstract
Berkaitan dengan pentingnya informasi tentang gelombang laut, terutama bagi keselamatan beragam kegiatan di laut, berdasarkan data periode tahun 2000-2010, dilakukan studi tentang gelombang tinggi di perairan Indonesia. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa variasi spasial dan temporal tinggi gelombang dan frekuensi terjadinya gelombang tinggi mempunyai pola yang berasosiasi dengan siklus angin monsunal, periode monsun Australia (Desember, Januari, Februari) dan monsoon Australia (Juni, Juli, Agustus). Daerah rawan gelombang tinggi pada periode monsun Asia umumnya lebih luas daripada pada periode monsun Australia. Pada periode peralihan antar monsun, sebagian besar wilayah perairan Indonesia tidak rawan gelombang tinggi. Daerah rawan gelombang tinggi pada periode peralihan antar monsun umumnya lebih sempit dan terdapat di perairan Indonesia yang menjadi bagian dari Laut Cina Selatan, Samudera Pasifik dan Samudera Hindia, terutama selatan Jawa sampai Bengkulu. Meskipun korelasinya tidak signifikan, berlangsungnya El- Nino menyebabkan meningkatnya tinggi gelombang di wilayah perairan Indonesia bagian timur, terutama utara ekuator dan berlangsungnya La-Nina menyebabkan meningkatnya tinggi gelombang di perairan Indonesia yang berada di Samudera Hindia terutama di selatan Jawa. Sedangkan terjadinya IODM negatif menyebabkan meningkatnya tinggi gelombang di perairan barat Sumatera sebelah utara ekuator.
Related to the importance of information about ocean waves, especially for the safety of a variety activities at sea, based on data in the period 2000-2010 obtained by numerical wave model, conducted a study of high waves in the Indonesian waters.The study shows that the spatial and temporal variations in wave height and frequency of high waves have a pattern associated with monsunal wind cycle, Australia monsoon period (December, January, February) and the Australian monsoon (June, July, August). High waves prone areas in the period of monsoon Asia are generally wider than the Australia monsoon period. In the transitional period between monsoons, most of the Indonesian territorial waters are not high waves prone areas. High waves prone areas in the transitional period between monsoons are generally narrower and it were in the Indonesian waters, which became part of the South China Sea, Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean, particularly southern part of Java to Bengkulu. Although the correlation is not significant, El-Nino led to an increasing wave height in the eastern waters of Indonesia, especially north of the equator and La-Nina led to an increasing wave height in the Indonesian waters around the Indian Ocean, especially in the southern part of Java, while the negative IODM caused increasing wave height in the northern equator of western part of Sumatra waters.
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