PROSES METEOROLOGIS BENCANA BANJIR DI INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31172/jmg.v8i2.12Keywords:
Curah hujan, monsun, zona konvergensi, bencana banjir, sel tekanan rendahAbstract
Bencana banjir harus diatasi dari segala aspek. Awan konvektif jenis cumulonimbus dapat menyebabkan bencana banjir lokal. Sistem cuaca skala meso seperti zona konvergensi intertropis (ZKI) dan siklon tropis dapat menyebabkan bencana banjir skala luas. Pada bulan Desember, Januari dan Februari (DJF) zona konvergensi intertropis berada di atas wilayah Indonesia belahan bumi selatan. Siklon tropis yang bergerak dekat dengan perairan Indonesia mampu meningkatkan intensitas bencana banjir. Baik hujan konveksional, hujan konvergensi, maupun hujan siklon tropis, ketiganya diakibatkan oleh sel tekanan udara rendah pada pusat konveksi, zona konvergensi intertropis dan mata siklon tropis. Hujan konveksional terjadi setelah insolasi maksimum. Sebagai wilayah monsun, Indonesia mengalami hujan lebat terutama pada musim panas dan gugur belahan bumi. Efek orografik di daerah monsun juga dapat meningkatkan jumlah curah hujan pada lereng di atas angin.
Flood disaster must be overcomed from the whole aspects. Convective clouds of cumulonimbus type cause local flood disaster, while meso – scale weather system, such as intertropical convergence zone (ICZ), and tropical cyclone result in large scale flood disaster. In the months of December, January, February, the intertropical convergence zone lies over the southern hemisphere Indonesian region. Track of tropical cyclone near the Indonesian waters is able to increase the intensity of flood disaster. Either convectional or convergence rainfall as well as tropical cyclone rainfall, the three of them in consequence of the low air pressure at the convection center, the intertropical convergence zone and the tropical cyclone eye. Convectional rainfall occures after the maximum insolation. As a monsoon region, Indonesia suffer heavy rainfall especially in hemisphere summer and autumn. Orographic effect in monsoonal region can also increase the amount of rainfall in the windward slope.
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Copyright (c) 2014 Bayong Tjasyono H. Kasih, Ina Juaeni, Sri Woro B. Harijono

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